Analysis of the failure of the mechanical seal of the centrifugal pump
The downtime of the centrifugal pump is mainly caused by the failure of the mechanical seal. Most of the failure manifestations are leakage, and the reasons for leakage are as follows:
① The main reasons for the leakage of the dynamic and static ring sealing surfaces are: the flatness of the end surface, the roughness does not meet the requirements, or the surface is scratched; there is particulate matter between the end surfaces, which causes the two ends to not operate at the same time; the installation is not in place and the method is incorrect.
②The main reasons for the leakage of the sealing ring of the compensation ring are: the gland is deformed, the pre-tightening force is uneven; the installation is not correct; the quality of the sealing ring does not meet the standard; the selection of the sealing ring is incorrect.
The actual use results show that the most failure of the sealing element is the end face of the dynamic and static ring. The centrifugal pump seals the dynamic and the static ring end face is a common failure phenomenon. The main reasons are:
①When the sealing surface gap is too large during installation, the flushing fluid is too late to take away the heat generated by the friction pair; the flushing fluid leaks from the sealing surface gap, causing the end surface to overheat and damage.
② The liquid medium vaporizes and expands, so that the two end faces are separated by the vaporization and expansion force. When the two sealing faces are firmly attached, the lubricating film is destroyed and the end face surface is overheated.
③The liquid medium has poor lubricity, and the operating pressure is overloaded, and the tracking and rotation of the two sealing surfaces are not synchronized. For example, the high-speed pump speed is 20445r/min, the center diameter of the sealing surface is 7cm, and the linear speed of the pump is as high as 75 m/s after the pump is running. When a sealing surface lags behind and cannot follow the rotation, the instantaneous high temperature causes the sealing surface to be damaged.
④ The orifice plate or filter screen of the sealing flushing fluid is blocked, resulting in insufficient water volume and failure of the mechanical seal.
In addition, the surface of the sealing surface is slippery, and gaps appear when the end faces are attached, which leads to the failure of the sealing element. The main reasons are:
①The liquid medium is not clean and has tiny hard particles. It slides on the sealing surface at a very high speed, and the end surface is scratched and invalidated.
②The coaxiality of the transmission parts of the pump is poor. After the pump is turned on, the end face is swayed and rubbed once per revolution, and the moving ring runs out of concentricity, causing the end face to vaporize, overheating and abrasion.
③The frequent occurrence of hydraulic characteristics of the liquid medium causes the pump unit to vibrate, causing the sealing surface to be misaligned and fail.
The corrosion of the sealing element by the liquid medium, the stress concentration, the coordination of soft and hard materials, erosion, auxiliary sealing O-ring, V-ring, concave ring and liquid medium incompatibility, deformation, etc. will cause damage and failure of the mechanical seal surface, so The damage form must be analyzed comprehensively to find the root cause to ensure the long-term operation of the mechanical seal.
The requirements after the centrifugal pump stops running
① After the centrifugal pump stops running, the inlet valve of the pump should be closed, and the valves of the auxiliary system should be closed in turn after the pump has cooled down.
②The shutdown of the high-temperature pump should be carried out in accordance with the equipment technical documents. After the shutdown, it should be turned for a half circle every 20 to 30 minutes until the temperature of the pump body drops to 50°C.
③When the cryopump is stopped, when there is no special requirement, the pump should always be filled with liquid; the suction valve and the discharge valve should be kept normally open; the cryopump with double mechanical seals, the liquid level controller and the sealing liquid in the pump seal cavity The grout pressure of the pump should be maintained.
④ Pumps that transport media that are easy to crystallize, solidify, precipitate, etc., should be prevented from clogging after stopping the pump, and flush the pump and pipeline with clean water or other media in time. ⑤Drain the accumulated liquid in the pump to prevent rust and frost cracking.
Storage of centrifugal pump
①The un-installed pump should be coated with a suitable anti-rust agent on the unpainted surface. Bearings lubricated with oil should be filled with proper oil, bearings lubricated with grease should be filled with only one kind of grease, do not Use mixed grease.
②Pump clean liquid in a short time, flush, suction pipeline, discharge pipeline, pump casing and impeller, and drain the flushing liquid in pump casing, suction pipeline and discharge pipeline side by side.
③Drain the oil in the bearing box, add clean oil, thoroughly clean the grease and then fill with new grease.
④ Seal the suction port and discharge port, store the pump in a clean and dry place, protect the motor windings from moisture, and spray the inside of the pump housing with anti-rust and anti-corrosion liquid.
⑤The pump shaft rotates once a month to avoid freezing and lubricate the bearings.
