There are many types of pumps. Do you know the structures and working principal of various pumps? The article briefly introduces 16 types of pumps. To help you to learn, I will list the names of all 16 types of pumps first and then explain one by one.
4. Vacuum pump
5. Gear pump
6. Piston pump
7. Plunger pump
8. Canned pump
9. Screw pump
10. Diaphragm pump
11. Metering pump
12. Steam jet pump
13. Gas-liquid booster pump
14. Air booster pump
15. Vortex pump
16. Reciprocating pump
This type of pump refers to a pump that delivers liquid by the centrifugal force generated when the impeller rotates. Before the pump is started, the pump casing and the suction pipe must be filled with water, and then the motor is started, so that the pump shaft drives the impeller and water to perform high-speed rotation movement, the water is centrifugally moved, and is smashed to the outer edge of the impeller through the flow of the volute pump casing. The liquid flows into the pressurized pipeline of the pump.
Advantages :
1. The structure is simple and compact, less space occupying, light weight, less material consumption, and less manufacturing and installation costs.
2. The pump can run at high speed and can be directly connected to the 2-pole or 4-pole motor, the transmission structure is simple and easy to install.
3. There is no valve in the centrifugal pump, which is suitable for handling suspension. The special design can also transport large solid suspension.
4. The pump can be made of corrosion-resistant materials, suitable for conveying corrosion solutions.
5. The flow rate can be arbitrarily adjusted or even closed by the discharge valve, and there is no danger of the headrising indefinitely.
Disadvantages:
1. Before running, the pump body must be filled with liquid.
2. It’s not suitable for transporting large head with low capacity. The efficiency will be low.
3. When encountered in the design is not perfect or improper operation, such as milk, it is easy to produce foam, affecting the next process of production.
4. It will cause cavitation if installation is incorrect.
5. The efficiency is lower than the reciprocating pump.
According to the structure, the centrifugal pump can be divided into a single-stage centrifugal pump and a multistage centrifugal pump.
This type of pump has more than two impellers compared to a single-stage pump. It can absorb water and pressure in several stages and multiple stages, and can lift the liquid to a high position. Head can be increased or decreased by changing the number of stages of the pump impeller.
The multi-stage centrifugal pump is divided into horizontal and vertical type, and the pump shaft is equipped with two or more impellers, which can increase the pressure compared to the single-stage centrifugal pump.
This type of pump can be used in many industries, such as mine drainage, urban factory water supply, power plants, chemical process production. Compared with the plunger pump and the reciprocating pump, it can deliver a larger flow rate while meeting the requirements of high lift and high flow applications.
Multistage centrifugal pumps have higher technical and production specifications in terms of design, use and maintenance.
The impeller of this type of pump is designed for axial flow with high speed. If the motor power, impeller diameter, and pipe diameter are large enough, the flow rate can be large.
The type of pump has compact structure and its vertical structure has small installation area, stable operation and no adjustment for installation.
The pump inlet and outlet are designed to have the same flange and are located in the same center. They can be installed directly on the pipeline like a valve, and the center is low, which is convenient for pipeline layout and easy to install.
The pump is coaxial with the motor and has a short axial dimension, which makes the pump run more smoothly and with low noise.
Vacuum pumps are generally divided into two types, one is a water ring vacuum pump and the other is a Roots vacuum pump.
For this type of pump, the impeller is eccentrically mounted in a cylindrical pump casing. Inject a certain amount of water into the pump. When the impeller rotates, the water is pumped to the pump casing to form a water ring, and the inner surface of the ring is tangent to the impeller hub. Since the pump casing is not concentric with the impeller, the intake space between the right half hub and the water ring is gradually enlarged, thereby forming a vacuum, and the gas enters the intake space of the pump through the intake pipe. The gas then enters the left half, and as the volume between the hub rings is gradually compressed, the pressure is increased, so that the gas is discharged to the outside of the pump through the exhaust space and the exhaust pipe.
1. The structure is simple, the manufacturing precision is not high, and it is easy to process.
2. Compact structure, high number of revolutions of the pump, generally can be directly connected with the motor, without the need for a speed reducer. Therefore, with a small structural size, a large displacement can be obtained, and the footprint is small.
3. The compressed gas is substantially isothermal, i.e., the temperature of the compressed gas process changes little.
4. Since there is no metal friction surface in the pump chamber, there is no need to lubricate the pump and the wear is small. The seal between the rotating member and the fixing member can be directly completed by a water seal.
5. Uniform suction, stable and reliable operation, easy operation and convenient maintenance.
The efficiency is low, generally around 30% , preferably up to 50% .
The degree of vacuum is low, not only because of structural limitations, but more importantly by the saturated vapor pressure of the working fluid. With water as the working fluid, the ultimate pressure can only reach 2000~4000Pa . Use oil as working fluid, up to 130Pa .
This type of pump is similar to a Roots blower. Due to the continuous rotation of the rotor, the pumped gas is sucked from the intake port into the space v0 between the rotor and the pump casing , and then discharged through the exhaust port. Since the v0 space is fully closed after inhalation, the gas is not compressed and expanded in the pump chamber. However, when the top of the rotor turns over the edge of the exhaust port and the v0 space communicates with the exhaust side, since the gas pressure on the exhaust side is high, a part of the gas is returned to the space v0 , so that the gas pressure suddenly increases. When the rotor continues to rotate, the gas exits the pump.
1. There is a large pumping speed over a wide range of pressures.
Start fast and work immediately.
2. It is not sensitive to dust and water vapor contained in the pumped gas.
3. The rotor does not have to be lubricated and there is no oil in the pump chamber.
4. The vibration is small, the rotor dynamic balance condition is good, and there is no exhaust valve.
5. The driving power is small and the mechanical friction loss is small.
6. Compact structure and small footprint.
7. Low operating and maintenance costs.
In this type of pump, the teeth of the two gears are separated from each other to form a low pressure, which is drawn in by the liquid and sent to the other side along the wall of the casing. The other two gears are closed to each other to form a high pressure to discharge the liquid.
The utility model has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small volume, light weight, good processability, low price, strong self-suction, insensitivity to oil pollution, large rotating speed range, impact resistance load, convenient maintenance and reliable operation.
Unbalanced radial force, large flow artery, high noise, low efficiency, poor interchangeability of parts, difficult to repair after wear, can not be used as variable pump.
This type of pump is also called an electric reciprocating pump and is divided into a single cylinder and a multi-cylinder from the structure. When the piston pump is working, the internal volume of the cylinder is repeatedly changed by the reciprocating action of the piston in the cylinder to suck and discharge the fluid.
The piston pump is suitable for high pressure and small flow, especially when the flow rate is less than 100m3/h , and the discharge pressure is greater than 9.8 MPa, which shows its high efficiency and good running performance. It has good inhalation performance and can pump liquids of different media and different viscosities.
This type of pump drives a hydraulic cylinder driven by a hydraulic power pack that pushes the delivery cylinder and outputs the material in the delivery cylinder to the pipeline.
Generally divided into single plunger and double plunger, the basic principle of the plunger pump is very simple. This pump uses the momentum of a relatively large moving water body to pump a relatively small volume of water to a high point.
This type of pump is a fully enclosed pump in which both the pump and the drive motor are sealed in a pressure vessel filled with pumping medium. The pressure vessel is only statically sealed and is provided by a set of wires to provide a rotating magnetic field and drive the rotor. .
1. Fully enclosed. There is no dynamic seal on the structure, only static seal at the outer shell of the pump, so it can be completely leak-free, especially suitable for conveying flammable, explosive, valuable liquids and toxic, corrosive and radioactive liquids.
2. High security. The rotor and the stator each have a shielding sleeve so that the rotor and the stator of the motor are not in contact with the material, and even if the shielding sleeve is broken, there is no risk of external leakage.
3. The compact footprint occupies less space. The pump and the motor are integrated, the requirements on the base and the foundation are low, and the daily maintenance is simple and the maintenance cost is low.
1. The canned pump has a shield sleeve that increases the gap between the stator and the rotor, resulting in a decrease in motor power.
2. In addition to the corrosion resistance, the selection of the shielding sleeve also needs to consider non-magnetic and high resistivity, mainly to reduce the reduction of the rated power of the motor.
3. It is not suitable to operate under small flow conditions for a long time. At this time, the efficiency of the shielding pump is low, which will cause heat generation and evaporation of the liquid, which will cause the pump to dry and dry, thereby damaging the sliding bearing.
A pump that spirals the water body in the axial direction by the rotation of the spiral blade. It consists of a shaft, a spiral blade and an outer casing. When pumping water, the pump is tilted into the water so that the inclination of the pump main shaft is smaller than the inclination angle of the spiral blade, and the lower end of the spiral blade is in contact with water. When the prime mover drives the screw pump shaft to rotate by the shifting device, the water enters the blade and rises along the spiral flow path until it flows out.
Simple structure, easy manufacture, large flow, small head loss, high efficiency, convenient maintenance and maintenance, but low lift and low speed, and a shifting device is required.
The diaphragm pump can be divided into pneumatic, electric and hydraulic according to the power used by the actuator. It is a pneumatic diaphragm pump with compressed air as the power source and an electric diaphragm pump with electric power as the liquid medium.电Electrical hydraulic diaphragm pump powered by pressure.
1. It has a small footprint and is easy to install and can be used as a moving material transfer pump.
2. Diaphragm pumps completely separate materials from the outside world in hazardous or corrosive materials.
3. The electric diaphragm pump does not need to first introduce water, and the self-priming performance is good, up to 7 meters.
1. The pressure cannot be increased, up to 6 bar .
2. Noise and pipe vibrations are very high when the capacity is large.
3. The diaphragm has a short life and is easily damaged.
The motor of this type of pump drives the worm to rotate. The worm passes the action of the worm gear mechanism and the eccentric wheel to obtain the reciprocating motion of the connecting rod. The connecting rod pushes the piston to reciprocate the piston within the metering pump chamber. When the piston moves to the left, a vacuum is formed in the pump chamber, the suction valve is opened, the discharge valve is closed, and the liquid enters the pump chamber; when the piston moves to the right, the suction valve is closed, the discharge valve is opened, and the liquid is discharged from the discharge valve.
When the flow rate is adjusted, the discharge pressure can be kept constant. Cost-effective, generally applicable to the water treatment industry with low pressure requirements.
When the steam jet pump is in operation, the steam enters the nozzle and is ejected at a high speed to generate a low pressure. The gas is sucked in and mixed in the mixing chamber. After the tube is enlarged, the kinetic energy is converted into pressure energy.
This type of pump has no mechanical movement and is not restricted by friction, lubrication, vibration, etc., so it can be made into a pump with a large pumping capacity. As long as the structural material of the pump is properly selected, it is extremely advantageous for eliminating corrosive gases, gases containing mechanical impurities, and steaming. The structure is simple, the weight is light, and the floor space is small. The working steam pressure is 4 to 9 × 105Pa , and it is available in general metallurgical, chemical, pharmaceutical and other enterprises.
The type of pump is continuously vented by a high pressure plunger controlled by a one-way valve. The outlet pressure of the booster pump is related to the air drive pressure. When the pressure between the drive section and the output liquid section is balanced, the booster pump will stop running and no longer consume air. When the output pressure drops or the air drive pressure increases, the booster pump will automatically start running until it automatically stops after reaching the pressure balance again.
1. Easy to adjust: In the pressure range of the pump, adjust the regulating valve to adjust the intake pressure, and the output hydraulic pressure is correspondingly adjusted.
2. The output pressure is high: the liquid pump can reach up to 640 MPa , and the air pump can reach up to 200 MPa .
3. Automatic pressure maintaining: If the pressure of the pressure maintaining circuit drops due to any reason, it will automatically start, supplement the leakage pressure and keep the circuit pressure constant.
The type of pump is powered by compressed air, and the pressure of the low-pressure gas is increased and then continuously outputted. The final output pressure can be raised to twice or even tens of times the pressure of the power source, which is a pollution-free gas boosting device.
According to the output pressure and structure, it is divided into a low pressure pump and a high pressure pump.
The low-pressure pump is mainly used to maintain the normal operation of the pneumatic device when the on-site air source pressure is insufficient or unstable, and the minimum service pressure of the pneumatic device cannot be guaranteed, and the local high-pressure gas requirement of the equipment is met.
The high-pressure pump is mainly used for pressurizing non-common compressed air, such as pressurizing nitrogen, helium, argon to a high pressure and loading into a high-pressure gas storage tank.
The flow range is wide, and the pump can work smoothly with only 0.1Kg of air pressure for all types of pumps . At this time, the minimum flow rate is obtained, and the flow rate can be adjusted to obtain different flow rates. Easy to control, from simple manual control to full automatic control. Automatic restart, for any reason, the pressure of the pressure-holding circuit drops, it will automatically restart, supplement the leakage pressure, and keep the circuit pressure constant. Safe operation, gas driven, no arc and spark, can be used in hazardous situations.
The liquid in the groove of the blade of the pump is centrifugally forced to the flow channel for one pressurization; the liquid in the flow channel is decompressed by the liquid in the groove to form a low pressure, enters the groove again, and is pressurized again. A vortex movement of a groove of a first-class road, thereby obtaining a higher head.
1. The small size and light weight of the vortex pump have great advantages in marine installations. Self-priming with self-priming or with simple means.
2. Has a steep drop characteristic curve and is therefore insensitive to pressure fluctuations in the system. Some vortex pumps allow for vapor-liquid mixing.
3. The structure is simple, casting and processing are easy to implement, and some vortex pump parts can also use non-metallic materials, such as plastic, nylon molded impellers.
The efficiency is low, up to 55% , and most vortex pumps are 20-40% efficient . The NPSHr is high. Cannot be used to pump more viscous media. The pumped media is limited to pure liquids. When the liquid contains solid particles, the axial and radial gaps increase due to wear and the performance of the pump is lowered or the vortex pump is rendered inoperable.
When the pump is working, the piston moves to the right, the pressure in the chamber is lowered, the upper valve is pressed down, the lower valve is lifted up, the liquid is sucked in; the piston is moved to the left, the pressure in the chamber is increased, the upper valve is lifted up, the lower valve is pressed, and the liquid is discharged.
High discharge pressure can be obtained, and the flow rate is independent of pressure, and the suction performance is good and the efficiency is high. The steam reciprocating pump can reach 80%~95%. The performance of the pump does not vary with changes in pressure and viscosity of the delivery medium.
The flow rate is not stable. The volume is larger than the centrifugal pump at the same flow rate. The mechanism is complex and difficult to repair.